• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Pixel information representing an image for display is coded using data compression. The data compression consists in obtaining the pixel information as a first matrix of high resolution pixel values, subtracting from this first matrix a second matrix composed of lower resolution pixel values, produced by low pass filtering the first matrix, to produce a third matrix of difference values, sub-sampling the second matrix to produce a fourth matrix of less density lower resolution pixel values and coding the third and fourth matrices. Complementary decoding consists in restituting the second matrix by interpolation filtering the decoded fourth matrix, and combining the restituted second matrix with the decoded third matrix. Loss of accuracy in the decoding method is reduced by coding and then decoding the fourth matrix during the coding method before it is interpolated to full pixel density to form the restituted second matrix which is subtracted from the first matrix to produce the third matrix of difference values. In this way, any sub-sampling and interpolation errors in the restituted fourth matrix occur in both the coding method and the decoding method and therefore cancel out. Figure 3 illustrates the coding method including these coding and decoding steps.
    公开号:SU1658830A3
    申请号:SU874203939
    申请日:1987-12-21
    公开日:1991-06-23
    发明作者:Деннис Рихардс Норман
    申请人:Н.В.Филипс Глоэлампенфабрикен (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    The invention relates to computing and is intended for the implementation of data visualization systems with reduced redundancy of stored information about the parameters of image elements.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve accuracy.
    Figures 1 to 3 show diagrams of a method for encoding and decoding; Fig. 4 shows a device for encoding parameters of image elements; Fig. 5 illustrates a device for decoding pixel parameters; 6 shows a data display system.
    The coding method (Fig. 1, prototype) consists of the low-pass filtering stage 1, the decimation filtering stage 2, the difference determining stage 3, the first and second coding stages 4 and 5, respectively.
    The decoding method (FIG. 2, prototype) consists of steps 6 and 7 of the second and first decoding, respectively, step 8 of interpolation filtering and step 9 of combining or supplementing.
    The encoding method (FIG. 3 proposed) is a modification of the prototype encoding method and contains the above steps 1-5, supplemented by steps 6 and 8.
    The device for encoding the parameters of the image elements (Fig. 4) contains the unit 10 for forming the image elements of the transmission object 11, the lowpass filtering unit 12, the decimation filtering unit 13, the first encoding unit 14, the second encoding unit 15, the decoding unit 16, the interpolation filtering unit 17 and a difference calculating unit 18. The coded data about the parameters of the image elements are stored on the storage medium 19.
    The decoding unit of the pixel parameters (Fig. 5) comprises the first and second decoding units 20 and 21, the interpolation filtering unit 22, the adding unit 23 and the encoding unit 24. The reconstructed image is displayed on the display 25. The digits of the communication lines (Figs. 3-5) denote their width.
    The data display system (Fig. 6) comprises a display device 26, a video generator 27, a processor 28, a mass storage device 29, a program memory device 30, a video memory device 31, a keyboard 32, a graphics tablet 33, a device 34 for decoding pixel parameters, digital to analogue converters 35 - 37, converter 38 of signals Y, U, V (where Y is the component of luminance; U, V are components
    chromaticity) into R, G, B signals (where R, G, B are the components of red, green and blue, respectively), bus 39, timer 40, which generates synchronization signals on synchronization buses 41 and 42, decoding device 43, system bus 44.
    When the matrix M1 is restored in the decoding process (Fig. 2), the degree of restoration accuracy is lost, because in the decoding process
    5, the actual values of the parameters of the element of the image of the matrix M2 are involved, and only the corresponding decoded and interpolated values of the parameters of the element of the image of the restored matrix M21 participate. To eliminate this drawback, the following coding method is implemented in the device.
    The information in the form of the first matrix M1 of 720x560 image element parameter values (H1), corresponding to the display with increased resolution, is converted to a second M2 matrix of 720x560 element parameter values at 1 low pass filtering stage
    0 images (LO), which represent an image with respect to a lower resolution.
    In accordance with the coding method of the invention in the coding scheme
    5, the second matrix M2 is missing, which is used in step 3 of determining the difference, and the reconstructed second matrix M21 is used instead. In step 3 of the difference determination,
    0 subtracting (element by element of the image) the values of the parameters of the reconstructed second matrix M2 from the first matrix Ml in order to form the third matrix MO from 720x560 difference values (D1),
    5 which are encoded in the first encoding step 4 to form the first set of the resulting or final digital data RDD1. Stage 2 decimation filtering selects every second value.
    0 parameters of the image element of the second matrix M2 both horizontally and vertically in order to further form the fourth matrix M4 of 360x280 values of the parameters of the image element
    5 (N0) with reduced pixel density. The image element information represented by the fourth matrix M4 is related to the display with normal resolution. Fifth stage of the second encoding
    encodes the values of the pixel parameters of the fourth matrix M4 with the final formation of the second set of resulting digital data RDD2. Both digital data sets RDD1 and RDD2 can be stored in an appropriate storage medium for SM information.
    In order to form or output the reconstructed second matrix M2V, the second set of digital data RDD2 is supplied to step b of the second decoding, which is in addition to step 5 of the encoding, and a decoded fourth matrix M4 is formed. The latter is applied to interpolation filtering stage 8, where, as a result of interpolation, the second matrix M2 will be reconstructed in the form of matrix M2.
    Step 8 of the interpolation filtering is ideological at step 8, which is used in the decoding method shown schematically in FIG. 2. Similarly, the decoding stage 6 is identical to the stage 6 decoding, which is used in the decoding method (FIG. 2). Therefore, according to the invention, the coding method in accordance with the invention will necessarily carry out the step 3 of determining the difference, which uses the reconstructed matrix, which is identical to the reconstructed matrix, which is the second is used at the addition stage during decoding. Therefore, the initial information of the image element of the matrix M1. which is restored during the implementation of the decoding method, will be free of any errors introduced in step 6 of the decoding and in step 8 of the interpolation filtering of the decoding method.
    Thus, the reconstructed initial information of the image element of the matrix M1 suffers from a possible influence only from the side of errors that are formed in the process of encoding the third matrix of the MV values of the difference values.
    The value of the component of the image element of all the matrices M1, M2, M2 of the MH and M4 can be represented by ordinary data that has passed the stage of pulse-frame modulation. The first encoding step A can perform quantization and group coding, and the second encoding step 5 can perform delta encoding,
    The encoding device shown in FIG. 4 comprises a formation unit 10.
    elements of the image, such as a video camera. Block 10 forms the matrix M1 of 720x560 discrete values of the parameters of the image element. Each of these image element values is expressed as
    0, three-component values represented by 3 × 8-bit pulse-code modulation codes using YUV coding. That is why the matrix Ml (like all the other matrices) in the coding device consists of three discrete submatrices, one for each value of the parameters of the image element Y, U, and V. Such coding forms and produces unconsolidated
    0 images or pictures 8 bits in depth for 256 colors so that a full screen image needs 3x8 bits - for each pixel or storage capacity must be
    5 approximately 1210 K. A coding device can perform data compression, which has a positive effect on a FIRST significant saving in storage capacity without any lm & degradation of image quality.
    The signal codes Y, U. V are fed to a low-pass filtering unit 12, which provides filtering of these signal codes. The result of the filtering is the generation of low-resolution image element information in an M2 matrix of 720x560 discrete values of the image element parameters, which are still represented by Zx8-bit
    0 pulse code modulation codes using Y, U, V coding
    The codes of the signals Y U V from block 12 are fed to block 13 of decimation filtering, in which
    5 filtering out every second value of the parameter of the image element of the matrix M2 both horizontally and vertically with the final formation of the information of the image element with a low
    0 resolution in the M4 matrix of 360x280 image element parameter values, which are still represented by 3 × 8-bit pulse-code modulation codes, using
    5, Y, U, V coding. The codes of Y, U, V signals from block 13 are supplied to coding block 14, for example, delta pulse code modulation (DPCM). The resulting or final codes of the signals Yr, Ur, Vr form the first set of digital data.
    which is stored on a storage medium 19.
    The resultant or final codes of the signals Yr, Ur, Vrna of block 14 are also fed to decoding block 16, which in this case is represented by a DPCM decoder and forms an M4 matrix of 360x280 pixel values represented in this case by signal codes Yi, Ui and. These signal codes are fed to interpolation filtering unit 17, which can form the reconstructed matrix M2 of 720x560 image element values, which in this case are represented by the codes of the signals Yi, Ui, Vi. These latest signal codes are supplied to difference difference calculator 18. The unit 18 subtracts (the image element behind the image element) the values of the image element parameter in the matrix M2 from the values of the parameter of the image element in the matrix M1. The final result of this operation will be the formation of a matrix of MZ from 720x560 values of the parameters of the difference of the element of the image, which are still represented by Zx8-bit codes of pulse-code modulation using Y, U, V encoding. Codes of Y, U, V signals from block 18 A coding block 15 is provided in which they are quantized with the final formation of a small number of quantized values, including zero, and the quantized values resulting from this operation are subjected to group coding. The final or result codes of the signal Ya, Ua, Va form a second set of digital data that is stored on the storage medium 19.
    As a medium for storing information, it is best to use an optical recording medium (for example, a compact disk), which performs the function of a permanent memory in order to provide a permanent storage device for digital data. Before being sent to storage, it is necessary to change the format of digital data (using an appropriate device that is not shown) to make this data more compatible with the requirements and
    rules for storing information on compact discs.
    The decoding device (Fig. 5) and the data display system (Fig. 6) operate similarly to the description given in the prototype.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. A device for encoding the parameters of the image elements, comprising a unit for forming the image elements, the output of which is connected to the first information input block. calculating the difference with the information input of the low-pass filtering unit, the output of which is connected through a decime block,
    filtering with the information input of the first coding unit, the output of which is the first information output of the device, the output of the difference calculating unit is connected to the information input of the second coding unit, the output of which is the second information output of the device, characterized in that serially connected decoding block and interpolation filtering block, the output of which is connected to the second information input of the difference calculator, information input decoding block input
    connected to the output of the first coding unit.
    [2]
    2. Pop-1 device, characterized in that the decimation filtering unit is designed with the possibility of exclusion
    every second value of the pixel parameter in the image field.
    [3]
    3. The device is pop. 1. distinguishing with the fact that the second coding unit is configured to encode groups
    values of difference elements of images in a sequence of predefined values.
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